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Newark 4 

l The Story of its Early Days 




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Newark 

The Story of its Early Days 



By 

Frank J* Urqohart 



Written and Published for 

The Free Public Library of Newark, New Jersey 

J904 









BAKER PRINTING CO., 
NEWARK, N. J. 



JUL 20 1904 
D.ofD. 



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PREFACE. 

In the library are many books which tell about New 
Jersey; about the Indians who once lived in it; about 
its history, geology, geography, climate, fauna and 
flora; its resources, mines, agriculture, manufactures, 
commerce, canals and railways. In a few of these there 
are brief references to Newark and its history. There 
are also in the library a few books and pamphlets given 
up wholly to Newark past and present. There are also 
many reports which deal with Newark affairs, like those 
about schools public and private, parks, streets, water- 
works, police, firemen, hospitals, street-cleaning and 
paving; and about churches, societies, railways, banks, 
clubs, libraries, and societies of many kinds. But 
among all these there is no brief, interesting story of 
the founding of Newark and its early years. We 
a.sked Mr. Urquhart to write for us such a story; and it 
will be found on the succeeding pages. We hope it will 
lead at least a few readers to take a greater interest 
than before in the Newark of to-day; to read more 
about it in the books in the library and to take a greater 
interest also in the work, which is always going on and 
is never finished, of making our city prosperous and 
attractive and a pleasant place in which to live. 

JOHN COTTON DANA. 



The Free Public Library, May. 1904- 
Nqtp _'|iiere is a large and very interesting collection 
of books, pamphlets, manuscripts and pictures relating 
to Newark, in the Library of the New Jersey His- 
torical Society, on West Park street. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Sketch of one of the Early Settlers of Newark 

after the monument in Fairmount Cemetery. . .Cover 

Map of Newark in its early days . . .Facing- title page 

Preface , 5 

Newark : The story of its early days 9 

Leading events in the history of Newark 21 

Interesting historic spots in Newark 25 

Books on Newark in the Public Library 27 



NEWARK; 
THE STORY OF ITS EARLY DAYS. 

Newark is about two hundred and forty years old. In 
the year 1916 it will celebrate the two hundred and 
fiftieth anniversary of its birth. The people who 
founded it came from four different towns in Connecti- 
cut. They were English folk, almost all of them. The 
leader was Robert Treat, and he should have a monu- 
ment erected to his memory. He was a remarkable 
man. an organizer, and the guiding force of the little 
colony that was to grow into Newark. 
Treat came to Eiizabcthtown in 1665, a few months 
after it was founded. He saw Governor Carteret, who 
had come from England to take charge of all of northern 
New Jersey. The Governor was anxious to get settlers. 
There were no settlements in the northern part of what 
is now New Jersey, except the recently founded Eliza- 
bcthtown and a little group of Dutchmen on Bergen 
Point, or Bergcn-neck as they called it then. Philadel- 
phia was but a village ; Trenton was not founded until 
fourteen years after our city; New Brunswick not until 
sixteen years after. New York, which had but a year 
before changed its name from New Amsterdam, was not 
as large as Belleville is to-day. The children who were 
born among the Pilgrim Fathers at Plymouth, Massa- 
chusetts, soon after their coming in 1620, — those who 
had survived the hardships of those very memorable 
early days, — were just in the prime of life. 
Nearly all New Jersey was a wilderness in 1665. From 
Elizabethtown and Bergen-neck to the Delaware, there 
were no roads for white men, nothing except narrow 



NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. 

Indian paths, and the trails of deer, bears and wolves, 
to the springs where animals gathered to drink. 
After a conference with Governor Carteret, Treat re- 
turned to Connecticut and in the following spring the 
settlers came. The land they chose included a large part 
of what is now Essex County, and for it they gave goods 
which were worth about $750. 

Just think what this means ! To-day you would find it 
hard to buy a piece of ground anywhere on Broad street, 
with only twenty-five feet fronting on the street and 
extending back fifty or one hundred feet, for twice the 
sum the settlers paid the Indians for the whole town 
when they landed. This fifteen hundred dollars that you 
would pay for the lot would be for the ground only, 
and not for the building that might stand on it. In the 
centre of the city you would have to pay very much more 
for such a lot. Early in 1904 a lot on one of the corners 
of Broad street not far from Market, was sold. This 
lot is thirty-eight feet wide on Broad street and about 
one hundred feet wide on Bank street. It was sold for 
$400,000. Put these figures on a piece of paper over the 
figures representing what the Indians got for the whole 
town and you may better realize how wonderfully New- 
ark has grown. 

The settlers did not give money, but goods. Here is a 
list of the articles which the Indian Perro and his family, 
who claimed to own the land, received for it : "Fifty 
double hands of powder, one hundred bars of lead, 
twenty axes, twenty coats, ten guns, twenty pistols, ten 
kettles, ten swords, four blankets, four barrels of beer, 
ten pairs of breeches, fifty knives, twenty hoes, eight 
hundred fifty fathoms of wampum, two ankers of liquors 
and three troopers' coats." 

This payment was not made until after the settlers had 
been here over a year, as many of the families that had 

10 



NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. 

agreed to come did not arrive from Connecticut until 
about that time. When the first settlers landed a bill of 
sale, including the price to be given, was agreed on, but 
apparently nothing was paid to the Indians then. There 
seems to have been an understanding on the part of the 
settlers that Governor Carteret was to pay the Indians 
for the land Newark was to be built on ; but he does 
not appear to have done so. All they got, probably, was 
the strange collection of things mentioned above, which, 
if turned into money, would to-day buy very little land 
anywhere in our city. 

Later, additional tracts were purchased from the In- 
dians. One ran from the western boundary of the first 
tract to the foot of the Watchung mountains, as the 
Orai^.ge Mountains were then called. This was owned 
by two Indians named Winnocksop and Shenoctos, and 
they were content to part with it for "two guns, three 
coats and thirteen kans of Rum," to quote the bill of 
sale. 

In all the company there were money and goods to the 
value of about $64,000, an average for each of the thirty 
families of about $2,000. They profited by the sad ex- 
periences of the Plymouth pioneers of over forty years 
before, who suffered much because they settled in a new 
country with too little money, food and clothing. The 
Newark settlers made sure that there was to be no 
"starving time" in their New Jersey town. 
The center of the settlement was near what is now the 
junction of Market and Broad streets. It must have 
been a pretty village, after the first year or two, when 
vines and creepers grew over the log houses and the 
roughness of the clearing began to disappear. 
There was a dense pine forest to the northeast of New- 
ark on the Ilackensack Meadows, and there were thick 
woods in other places near by, but some of the earlier 

II 



NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. 

Newark historians say that the little town was not by 
any means closely shut in by the forests. 
Many small waterways ran hither and thither about the 
village. A streamlet splashed its way down what is 
now Market street from a pond near the southeast 
corner of Market and Halsey streets. This stream fed 
a second and smaller pond below, just back of the 
southwest corner of Market and Broad streets. Traces 
of these old ponds were found only a few years ago 
when excavations were made for some of the taller 
buildings on the south side of Market street between 
Broad and Halsey. This stream wound its way down 
into the marshes a little below where the Market street 
station of the Pennsylvania railroad is now. 
Out of the marshes near where the railroad now runs 
arose a long bluff which faced the river and followed its 
curves all the way up to what is now Belleville. Most 
of this bluff was leveled away as streets were ex- 
tended and buildings rose. But traces of it are still 
to be seen, at the Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, for instance. 
Immediately below the bluff and between it and the 
river was a stretch of marsh. 

There were many little streams along the hillside west 
of the village. One ran down into the Passaic near the 
line of Eighth avenue. Others found their way to the 
marshes south of Market street. It is thought that one 
ran exactly where the New City Hall now stands. 

The woods about the little village of long ago abounded 
in chestnut, hickory, elm, birch, black and white ash, 
tulip, sycamore, oak and the bitter and sweet gum. The 
oak the settlers used largely for the frames of their 
houses, when the day of log huts was over. Many trees 
were split for fence-rails ; many were cut down and 
burned to clear the land for planting. The bitter gum 
was used for floors. 

12 



NEWARK IX US EARLY DAYS. 

As it grows old the guin tree decays in the centre, and 
the settlers used to fell old trees, cut them into suitable 
lengths, clean away the rotten part in the middle and 
use them for drain pipes and well curbs. Drain pipes 
were very much in demand, for the marshes pressed 
pretty close upon the town. 

While they were busy with their own houses the people 
were also planning their church, and as soon as possible 
built it, on Broad street, just where the fire engine 
houses now stand, nearly opposite the present First 
Presbyterian church. They built it with a cupola large 
enough for one or two men to stand in, with their loaded 
guns, during the service, to watch for hostile Indians. 
There were also flankers at two of the diagonally oppo- 
site corners. These flankers were little towers, and a 
man on watch in one of them could look along two sides 
of the building, so that from the two flankers all four 
sides could be watched. Every Sunday one-fourth of 
all the men carried their guns to church, and from these 
were chosen, each week, one to watch from the church 
cupola and two others to "ward" as they called it, 
standing in the flankers. 

There were also ways of protecting the town during the 
night. Every night three men, chosen by one of the 
sergeants, gathered at some house, one standing watch 
outside while the others slept inside. They relieved 
each other through the night and a little before day- 
break all three went out and walked about the town to 
see that all was well. Half an hour after daybreak they 
beat drums to lot the village know that another night 
had passed safely. Their drum beat was also to tell 
the settlers it was time to get up. 

It was not long after the village was started before one 
of the first comers died, and was laid to rest behind 
the little church. Thus was started the Old Burying 

13 



NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. 

Ground, used for over 200 years. The bones of the early 
settlers were removed from it less than twenty years 
ago and placed in a large vault in Fairmount Cemetery. 
Over the vault rises a monument on which are inscrip- 
tions telling of the men and women whose remains lie 
beneath. The cut on the cover of this book is from the 
statue of the puritan pioneer which stands on top of 
this monument. 

To the settlers of our city the church was the most 
precious thing they had. All the people went to it. In 
fact, for a few years they did not let people come to live 
among them unless they not only were willing to go to 
church, but liked to go, and to the kind of church the 
settlers believed in. This, of course meant that the min- 
ister of the church was one of the leading men. He 
was not the ruler of the village, for it had no rulers, 
although the people often gave a few men great power. 
Still, the ministers of the church had much to do with 
making our town. The first minister named it. 

Before the settlers came from Connecticut they ap- 
pointed a committee to make all arrangements for the 
change. The head man in the committee was Robert 
Treat, and as he really led them from their homes to 
the wilderness which has now become our great city, 
they called him the Captain. For a little time after the 
settlers reached here this same committee, which had 
charge of things in Connecticut, directed affairs in the 
new town. 

But it was not long before all the men in the town 
were called together to consider the town's business. 
This gathering was a town meeting, and from that 
time on for very many years it was the town meeting 
that ruled the town. At first all the grown men in the 
town could attend these meetings and vote on everything 
that was to be done. In a little while they decided that 

14 



NEWARK IX ITS EARLY DAYS. 

only those who owned land in the town should be al- 
lowed to vote. 

In less than a year after the settlement the town meet- 
ing began to choose officers to attend to the business of 
the town. One of the very first chosen was a collector, 
to gather the taxes. Next they chose a treasurer, then 
surveyors. Two magistrates were soon chosen, and one 
of them was Captain Treat. Every year they chose new 
men for these places or elected the old ones again, and 
at nearly every town meeting they found that new kinds 
of officers were needed. Three years after the settlement 
five selectmen were chosen to have general charge of 
town aflfairs. 

But it was a number of years before the town stopped 
having a captain and lieutenants and sergeants. They 
had the?e when they came, and very likely one reason 
why they did not like to give them up was because it 
was the custom for all new towns in America to have 
them, since there were often Indians to fight and some- 
times white men, too. There were a number of other 
things for military officers to do around the town, as 
we shall see later. But the Indians near Newark were 
most of the time peaceful and there was no fighting to 
do, nor was there much of the other work for which 
captains and other military officers were needed in other 
towns. So, after a time, they stopped choosing these 
officers and the magistrates, treasurers, collectors, select- 
men and the like, were the only ones they had. 

During the first few years when the settlers were not 
quite sure of the Indians, the town meeting, was called 
together by the beating of drums ; the lieutenants doing 
the drumming. Whenever the Indians seemed to be 
plotting trouble, the drums broke forth and the people 
hurried to the church. 

15 



NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. 

Close watch was kept on everything that went on in the 
town. It was an offense of no small magnitude to 
whisper or giggle in church, and if you repeated the 
offense your case would perhaps be taken up as part of 
the town business at the next town meeting. 
On certain days the able bodied men of the town had 
to give up their time to work for the common good, 
building roadways, clearing the countryside of brush and 
trees, laying drains and doing all the other things that 
must be done to make a new town in a wilderness attrac- 
tive and comfortable. 

The underbrush was often cleared by burning. A cer- 
tain tract was set off for the purpose; the men gathered 
at the rolling of the drums and went to this tract. 
There they applied the torch if the winds were favor- 
able, and watched to see that the fire did not shift and 
that the sparks Avere not carried to their houses. 
The laying of drains was carried on in this way, too ; 
that is, some of the men provided pipe sections, from 
the gum trees, while others laid them down. Thus 
many a little plot of ground that is now dry was trans- 
formed from a marsh or quagmire. 

On these days when the men assembled to work for the 
common good, one lieutenant took up his position at the 
lower end of the tow^n, on what is now Broad street, in 
the neighborhood of the present Hill and Green streets, 
while the other started from the neighborhood of Bridge 
street, or a little below. The lieutenants proceeded, 
beating their drums, toward the centre of the town, to 
where the little church stood, and the men followed 
after. 

Ten years after the settlers landed they had their town 
going nicely. They had a substantial church, an inn 
or tavern, a good grist mill, and a staunch boat which 
carried their produce to Elizabethtown and New York 

i6 



NEWARK IX ITS EARLY DAYS. 

iind brought back their purchases. Broad street was 
fairly well laid out as far down as Clinton avenue and 
as far up as the neighborhood of Orange street. A few 
more faniiUes had come from Connecticut and the town 
was prosperous, in an humble way. It had passed 
through the early period of struggle without great hard- 
ships. The settlers loved their town, for it was peace- 
ful and they were contented in it. They kept it neat 
and clean and travellers often spoke of it as a very pretty 
village. 

The town was ten years old before the settlers were 
ready to establish a school, and during those first ten 
years children learned their letters at their mothers' 
knees, or did not learn them at all. John Catlin was the 
first schoolmaster, and only those children whose parents 
were able to pay for their schooling could attend his 
school. Free public schools as we know them did not 
come for nearly a century and a half. 

In very early days a market place was set up at the foot 
of what is now Washington Park. A stream ran down 
the hillside where the County Court House now stands, 
and a watering place was agreed on at the point where 
Springfield avenue and Market street meet. The first 
tannery was also started near here, on Market street, 
near the beginning of Springfield avenue. 

The social life was of a very limited character in those 
first years, when the church was still the chief thing in 
all men's minds. If anybody entertained young folks at 
his house after nine o'clock he was liable to a fine, 
except on special occasions, when permission must be 
had from one of the town officers. Boys and girls loved 
fun then as always and they gave their grave parents 
and grandparents so much trouble that the town actu- 
ally had to appoint a man to look after them and see 
that they behaved properly during the church service. 

1/ 



NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. 

This meant that this man must not only see to it that 
they sat quietly during the long two-hour sermon, but 
must also be sure that they were all in church and not 
sailing toy boats on the river or fishing in the brooks. 
The town did not grow rapidly during the first half 
century. The marshes caused much malaria and settlers 
were not easily persuaded to come to a place which 
seemed not to be very healthful. 

About the time the tan yard was started, twenty-five 
years after the founding of the town, rich deposits of 
red sandstone were discovered, and worked for building 
stone, and these two industries helped the town very 
much. But in spite of these things the community re- 
mained small. At the beginning of the Revolution 
Newark had scarcely a thousand inhabitants. 

But by the first of the last century the town had become 
a snug and thrifty little place, quite closely settled from 
High street on the west to the marshes, where the 
Pennsylvania tracks now are, and the river, on the east ; 
and from Clay street and Eighth avenue on the north, to 
what is now the junction of High street and Clinton ave- 
nue on the south. The river was alive with shipping and 
vessels of deep draught often came up through the bay. 
Big whaling ships every now and then moored in the 
deep water in the river. 

In 1806 Newark really began to get a reputation as a 
busy and growing town. Then it made large quantities 
of cider which was sent to many other places in the 
country to be sold. It made good shoes, too ; so good 
that people in other towns bought and wore them. Its 
shoemakers were men who worked as farmers in the 
summer and came into town in the fall, when their crops 
were harvested, to earn money at their lasts. Others 
were just beginning to make wagons and carriages, and 
they made them so well that the demand for them stead- 

18 



NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. 

ily increased just as did the demand for the shoes. 
Newark also made coach lace even in that early day, 
and soon it was making harnesses and other things out 
of leather. 

It was a very busy and bustling town in 1837, when sud- 
denly a great financial crisis came. People were afraid 
to trust one another ; shops were shut down ; many were 
out of work; times were hard; many lost much of their 
money, and the poor were often close to starving. 
These hard times were felt all over the country. It 
took seven years for them to go away completely, and 
then, in 1843, prosperous and happy times came once 
more. The town now grew faster than ever. Hundreds 
of farmer boys came in from the little villages to work in 
the shops and learn trades. In 1840 Newark had over 
17,000 people. Ten years later it had nearly 39,000 and 
two years after that, in i860, nearly 72,000. The town 
doubled twice in twenty years. 

But it has really taken nearly a hundred years to make 
our city the great home of factories and shops that it 
now is. In 1806, although it was 140 years old. it had 
only just begun to make things to sell, and was still 
little more than a village. 

It took a long time to make this city of Newark. The 
grim old settlers put their best energies into its begin- 
nings, and their descendants worked quite as hard to 
make it better still. All down the long line of Newark 
people, since 1666, there has been steady and willing 
toil year by year, generation after generation to build 
Newark up, stronger, better and fairer. Now it is in 
our hands ; those who have gone have left the city to 
us. Shall we not, as the others have done before us, 
take the best care of it we can? Shall we not try to 
make it each year a more agreeable place to live in, 
more beautiful to look at, a source of pride to all who 

19 



NEWARK IN ITS EARLY DAYS. 

grow up in it and share the good things — the fine 
streets, the parks, the trees, the schools, the pubHc 
buildings, the beautiful homes, — which men and women 
have worked hard for nearlj^ two hundred fifty years 
to give to it? 




20 



SOME OF THE LEADING EVENTS IN 

THE HISTORY OF NEWARK, 

FROM J 664 TO J 872. 

1664, March. Philip Carteret commissioned in England 
the Governor of New Jersey, which was part of the 
grant made by Charles of England to James, Duke of 
York and Albany. 

1664, March.. **The concessions and agreement of the 
Lords Proprietors of Nova Caesarea or New Jersey, to 
and with all and every of the adventures and all such 
as shall settle and plant there" — made public. This 
constitution contains the "germ of those republican 
principles for which the State has ever been distin- 
guished." 

1666, May 17? Milfordites landed at Newark. They 
were led from Milford. Conn., by Robert Treat, who is 
called the Founder of Newark. 

1668, May 20. Meeting of commissioners of Newark 
and of Flizabethtown at "Divident Hill," to fix the 
boundary between settlements. 

1676. First schoolmaster appointed — John Catlin — "to 
do his faithful, honest and true endeavor to teach * * * 
the reading and writing of English and also Areth- 
metick if they desire it; as much as they are capable to 
learn and he capable to teach them." 
1680, June 30. Proceedings of the town meeting: 
"Agreed, that the town is willing Samuel Whitehead 
should come and inhabit among us, provided he will 
supply the town with shoes." 

^733- Col. Ogden saved his wheat on Sunday, was 
publicly censured by the Presbyterian church, and as a 
result founded Trinity Episcopal church. 

21 



EVENTS IN NEWARK HISTORY. 

1746, October 22. "College of New Jersey" incorporated 

at Elizabethtown. 

1748, September. College re-established at Newark. 

1756. College removed to Princeton. 

1760. Quarrel of the four Newark parishes over the 

ownership of the "Parsonage Property." Battle of the 

Woodchoppers. 

1765. Direct land route established between Newark 

and New York, the route now known as the plank road. 

1774, Newark espouses the cause of Boston, and leads 
New Jersey in opposition to the Stamp act. 

1775, March 10. Newark Academy founded. At a reg- 
ular meeting of the Committee of the Academy Decem- 
ber, 1794, it was "Resolved, that Rev. Mr. Ogden be 
empowered to sell the negro man James, given by Mr. 
Watts as a donation to the Academy for as much money 
as he will sell for." 

1776, November 28. Washington left Newark. Corn- 
wallis moved in, remained until December i, and then 
followed Washington, leaving a guard in Newark. 
1780, June 2:^. Battle of Springfield. In those days 
Springfield had not been set off from Newark and 
Elizabethtown, 

1796. "Centinel of Freedom" established. It de- 
nounced slavery. New Jersey being a slave State. 
1813. First movement by the town to establish free 
or public schools for children of the poor. 
1820. Slavery abolished in New Jersey. It was intro- 
duced at the time of the settlement of the Province. 
1832. Morris Canal completed, furnishing the town 
with "direct and easy communication with the Delaware 
at Easton and the Lehigh Coal Mines at Mauch Chunk." 
1832, March i. The first number of the Newark Daily 
Advertiser was issued. 

22 



EVENTS IN NEWARK HISTORY. 

1834, September 15. New Jersey Railroad and Trans- 
portation Company opened their road between Newark 
and Jersey City. A steamboat and regular line of stages 
also carried passengers to and from New York. 
1836. Present school system was established. 
1836, April. Newark became a full-tledged city, of 
20,000 population and proceeded to light its streets for 
the first time. Oil lamps were used. 
1846, December 26. Newark Gas Light Co. commenced 
the manufacture of gas, and the city streets were lighted 
with it. 

1848-9. Many German political fugitives, following the 
collapse of the Revolution of the Grand Duchy of 
Baden, found homes in Newark. 

1852, July 26. The work of laying stone pavements 
commenced on Market street. Broad street was paved 
a year later. 

1866. Clark Thread Works established. % 

1872. First number of the Sunday Call was issued. 
1872. Newark Industrial Exhibition. Open for 52 
days ; visited by 130.000 persons. 
1883. First number of the Evening Nezvs was issued. 



23 



INTERESTING HISTORIC SPOTS 
IN NEWARK. 

Academy, Site of. Washington Square. Burnt by the 
British, January 25, 1780. 

Ailing house, Site of. Broad, below Fair. Chateau- 
briand and Talleyrand both spent some time here. 
Aquackanonck. Here Washington and his retreating 
army crossed the Passaic and entered Newark, Novem- 
ber 22, 1776. 

Boudinot house. Site of. Park place and Park street. 
Lafayette entertained here, September 23, 1824. 
Burr homestead, Site of. Broad, just below William. 
Burying ground. Broad, below Market. First settlers 
buried here. 

"Cedars," River road. Home of Henry William Her- 
bert. "Frank Forrester." 

Cockloft Hall. Mt. Pleasant avenue. Built by the 
Gouverneur family and occupied by Gouverneur Kemble. 
The resort of Irving, Paulding and other literary per- 
sons. 

"Divident Hill," boundary of Newark and Elizabeth. 
Eagle Tavern, near the site of the present City Hall, 
spoken of generally as Washington's headquarters. 
Early settlers, Monument to. In Fairmount Cemetery. 
All the bones removed from the old Burying Ground 
arc interred under this. 

First church of Newark, stood on the spot on the west 
side of Broad, near the engine house and opposite the 
present structure. Newark's Fanueil Hall. 
First Presbyterian church (present structure), opened 
for public worship, January i, 1791. 
Kearny house. Belleville avenue, above Fourth. 



HISTORIC SPOTS IN NEWARK. 

Market place, 3 acres, established October, 1676. Nov\r 
Washington Park. 

Park House, Site of. Corner Park place and Canal. 
Hotel. Henry Clay spoke from the steps, November 
20, 1833. 

Plume homestead. Corner Broad and State. Was occu- 
pied by the Plume family in 1712. 

Springfield, Battle of. Took place where Springfield 
now is. Jersey forces under Dayton defeated Knyphau- 
sen. Theme of Bret Hartes' poem, "Caldwell of Spring- 
field." 

"Stone Bridge." Mill brook, site of the first corn mill. 
Training ground, 6 acres, established October, 1676. 
Now Military Park; see marble slab placed there in 
1826. 

Treat, Robert, "the founder of Newark." First Pres- 
byterian church now occupies a portion of his "home 
lot." 

Trinity Church, corner stone laid 1809. The tower is 
from the first structure built in 1746 on the same spot. 



26 



BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS ON NEWARK 
IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. 

Those preceded by a star are in the Children's Room as 
well as in the main library. 

♦Atkinson, Joseph. "History of Newark, New Jer- 
sey; being a narrative of its rise and progress, from 
the settlement in ]\Iay, 1666, by emigrants from Con- 
necticut, to the present time; including a sketch of 
the press of Newark from 1791 to 1878." The 
most complete history of the city to 1878. Based on 
the Town records and newspapers. This and Shaw's 
Essex and Hudson Counties are the best for the 
general reader. 

Doremus, Henry M. "Growth of Newark." 1903. 
An address delivered at the laying of the corner 
stone of the New City Hall. It sketches in an inter- 
esting way the settlement of the city and its growth. 

♦Gordon, Thomas F. "Gazetteer of the State of 
New Jersey; comprehending a general view of its 
physical and moral condition, together with a topo- 
graphical and statistical account of its counties, 
towns, villages, canals, railroads, etc." 1834. Con- 
tains good description of Newark in 1834, with brief 
history of the city up to that date. 

Handbook and guide for the city of Newark, 1872; 
carefully compiled and edited from authentic sources. 
1872. A good descriptive and historical account of 
the city. 

Hollister, George Buell & Leighton, Marshall Ora. 
"The Passaic flood of 1902." 1903. Part of U. S. 
Geological survey. 

27 



LIST OF BOOKS ON NEWARK. 

Lamb, Martha J. "Newark." In Harper's Maga- 
zine, 1876. Vol. 53, p. 660. The best magazine 
article on Newark in general that has ever appeared. 
Historical and descriptive. 

Leary, Peter J. "Newark, N. J., illustrated; a sou- 
venir of the city and its numerous industries, pre- 
senting in a compact form a brief historical sketch 
of the settlement, growth and future industrial and 
commercial importance of the city of Newark, and 
containing profuse illustrations of its great factories, 
beautiful residences, various points of interest, por- 
traits of prominent citizens, etc." 1893. A brief his- 
torical sketch of the settlement and growth of the 
city; dwells on its commercial importance. Issued 
with "the approval of the Board of Trade. 

Nelson, William. "Indians of New Jersey; their 
origin and development, manners and customs, lan- 
guage, religion and government, with notices of 
some Indian place names." 1894. The best single 
volume on this subject. x\ very careful study with 
critical examination of authorities. 

Newark — a city of manufactures. 1895. Board of 
Trade report for 1895. Pages 121-140 are devoted 
to statistics of Newark's manufactures. 

Newark and its points of interest. Anonymous. 
Good short historical sketch, followed by geographi- 
cal and miscellaneous descriptive matter. Forms 
part of "Leading business men," an advertising book, 
but good nevertheless. 

Newark, the metropolis of New Jersey, at the dawn 
of the twentieth century; the progress of one hun- 
dred years. 1901. 

28 



LIST OF BOOKS ON NEWARK. 

♦Proceedings commemorative of the settlement of 
Newark, N. J., on its 200th anniversary, May 17, 
1866. Also in New Jersey Historical Society Collec- 
tions, V. 6. In five sections — No. i is "Historical 
Memoir of Newark," by W. A. Whitehead. No. 4 is 
"Genealogical Notes of the First Settlers," by S. H. 
Congar. 

Records of the town of Newark, N. J.; from its 
settlement in 1666 to its incorporation as a city in 
1836. 1864. Also in New Jersey Historical Society 
Collections, v. 6. Copy of the minute book of the town 
clerk. It is the basis of all history of the city before 
the time of newspapers. 

Shaw, William H., compiler. "History of Essex and 
Hudson Counties, New Jersey." Newark, Vol. i, ^' 

PP- 355-677. 1884. Based largely on Atkinson's His- 
tory of Newark; has special chapters on the fire de- 
partment, churches, societies, industries, education, 
etc. 

♦Shriner, Charles A., compiler. "Birds of New Jer- 
sey." 1896. List of all the birds found in New 
Jersey, with descriptions and many illustrations. 

Stearns, Jonathan French. "Historical discourses 
relating to the First Presbyterian church in Newark; 
originally delivered to the congregation of that 
church during the month of January, 1851; with 
notes." T853. Four sermons delivered at anniver- 
sary of the founding of the First Presbyterian 
church, 1851. Gives a history of the church. As the 
church governed the town during the early years, 
these sermons are a review of Newark's early his- 
tory. 

39 



LIST OF BOOKS ON NEWARK. 

*Thov/less, Herbert L. Historical sketch of the city 
of Newark, N. J. 1903- 

Winser, Henry Jacob, editor and compiler. "Metrop- 
olis of New Jersey; Newark; her past growth and 
future development." 1896. Historical, geographi- 
cal, industrial and general description of the city, 
illustrated with twenty-eight half-tones. 

Wolfe, T. F. "Literary rambles at home and 
abroad." pp. 39-63. A New Jersey ramble, literary 
landmarks of Newark, etc. 1901. Short descriptions 
of homes of writers who have lived in Newark. A 
literary history of the city. 

*Longfellov/, H. W., ed. Poems of places, v. 27. 1876. 
Contains poems about Newark. 

*Platt, Charles D. Ballads of New Jersey in the 
Revolution. 1896. Contains poems about Newark. 



30 



MAY 20 1904 



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LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 





